Aetiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Characteristics of Nephrocalcinosis
Published: March 1, 2018 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2018/32270.11317
Lidvana Spahiu, Arbnore Batalli Këpuska, Vlora Ismaili Jaha, Besart Merovci, Haki Jashari
1. Associate Professor, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Paediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo.
2. Lecturer, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Paediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo.
3. Lecturer, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Paediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo.
4. PhD Candidate, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Paediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo.
5. Lecturer, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Paediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo.
Correspondence
Dr. Haki Jashari,
Str Hyzri Talla, Bregu I Diellit H5/4, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo.
E-mail: hjashari.md@gmail.com
Introduction: Nephrocalcinosis (NC) is the increased deposition of calcium in the renal parenchyma due to different aetiologies.
Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the aetiology of NC and its effect on renal function and growth in children.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, 25 children diagnosed with NC between 1999 and 2016 were retrospectively analysed. Relevant demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from patients’ records.
Results: The median (range) age at diagnosis was 9 (3-84) months. The leading cause of NC was distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (dRTA) in 16 (64%), followed by Idiopathic Hypercalciuria (IH) in 2 (8%) children. Clinical manifestations were failure to thrive in 8 (32%), polyuria and polydipsia in 5 (20%), haematuria and renal colic in 2 (8%), urinary tract infection in 7 (28%) and in 3 (12%) cases, NC was found accidentally during routine checkup. Chronic renal insufficiency developed in two patients with dRTA and in one with hyperoxaluria. The degree of NC worsened in 3 (23%) patients, remained the same in 7 (54%) and improved in 3 (23%) patients. However, the effect of nephrocalcinosis grade change on renal function and growth was not significant.
Conclusion: It is not the degree of NC rather the underlying cause and the age at diagnosis that affects the growth and renal function of children.
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